How Many Types Of Fire Extinguisher

Fire extinguishers are essential in every home, workplace, and public building.

They are designed to quickly and efficiently extinguish fires before they become uncontrollable and cause serious damage or injury.

But did you know that there are different fire extinguishers, each designed for specific types of fires?

Understanding the differences between these types of extinguishers can help you choose the right one for your needs and ensure that you are prepared in a fire emergency.

In this blog post, we will explore the various types of fire extinguishers and their uses, so you can be better informed and prepared in case of a fire.

What Are Fire Extinguishers

Fire extinguishers are portable firefighting devices designed to extinguish or control small fires.

They typically contain a pressurized agent discharged when the extinguisher is activated, allowing the user to direct the extinguishing agent toward the fire to suppress or extinguish it.

Fire extinguishers are an important part of fire safety equipment and are commonly found in homes, workplaces, vehicles, and other settings where fires may occur.

There are several different types of fire extinguishers, each designed to combat specific types of fires based on the materials involved in the fire.

Types Of Fire Extinguishers

 

Fire extinguishers are the first line of defense in case of a fire emergency. But did you know that there are different types of fire extinguishers? Each type is designed to put out a specific class of fire, and using the wrong type of extinguisher can actually make the fire worse.

The most common fire extinguishers include Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, and Class K extinguishers, as well as water mist fire extinguishers, clean agent fire extinguishers, and cartridge-operated fire extinguishers.

It is important to choose the right fire extinguisher for the specific fire hazard and receive proper training on how to use them effectively.

Regular maintenance and inspection of fire extinguishers are also critical to ensure their reliability and effectiveness in case of a fire emergency.

Fire Extinguisher Type	Suitable Applications	Extinguishing Agents
Class A	Ordinary combustible materials such as wood, paper, cloth, plastics	Water, foam, dry chemical agents
Class B	Flammable liquids and gases such as gasoline, oil, grease, propane	Dry chemical agents, carbon dioxide (CO2), clean agents
Class C	Electrical fires involving live electrical equipment	Dry chemical agents, carbon dioxide (CO2), clean agents
Class D	Combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium, sodium	Specialized dry powder agents for specific metal types
Class K	Kitchen fires involving cooking oils, fats, and grease	Wet chemical agents
Water Mist	Class A fires and Class C fires involving electrical equipment	Water mist
Clean Agent	Sensitive electronic equipment, data centers, laboratories	Clean agents such as Halotron, FM-200, CO2
Cartridge-Operated	Various types of fires depending on the agent in the extinguisher	Dry chemical agents, carbon dioxide (CO2), water, foam, and others

Class A Fire Extinguishers

Class A fire extinguishers are designed to combat fires involving combustible materials such as wood, paper, cloth, and plastics.

They typically use water, foam, or dry chemical as extinguishing agents. Here are some details on the uses of Class A fire extinguishers:

Water fire extinguishers: Water is one of the most commonly used extinguishing agents for Class A fires. Water fire extinguishers discharge a stream or spray of water onto the fire, which cools the burning material and extinguishes the flames.

Water fire extinguishers are suitable for fires involving wood, paper, cloth, and plastics.

Water fire extinguishers are labeled as Class A only, which means they should not be used on fires involving flammable liquids, electrical equipment, or metal fires.

Water conducts electricity, so using water fire extinguishers on electrical fires can be dangerous and potentially cause electrical shock.

Water fire extinguishers are ideal for use in residential, commercial, and industrial settings, where ordinary combustible materials are common.

Foam fire extinguishers: Foam is another effective extinguishing agent used in Class A fire extinguishers.

Foam is a mixture of water and a foaming agent, which creates a thick foam that blankets the fire, cutting off its oxygen supply and smothering the flames.

Foam fire extinguishers are suitable for fires involving wood, paper, cloth, plastics, and can also be used on Class B fires involving flammable liquids.

Foam fire extinguishers are versatile and can be used in various settings, including residential, commercial, and industrial environments.

Foam fire extinguishers effectively extinguish Class A fires by suffocating the flames and preventing re-ignition.

Dry chemical fire extinguishers: Dry chemical agents are also commonly used in Class A fire extinguishers.

Dry chemical agents are powders that work by interrupting the chemical reaction of the fire, creating a barrier between the fuel and the oxygen, and extinguishing the flames.

Dry chemical fire extinguishers are effective on Class A fires involving wood, paper, cloth, and plastics, and Class B and Class C fires.

Dry chemical fire extinguishers are labeled as multi-purpose or ABC fire extinguishers, indicating their effectiveness on Class A, B, and C fires.

Dry chemical fire extinguishers are versatile and can be used in various settings, including residential, commercial, and industrial environments.

Class B Fire Extinguishers

Class B fire extinguishers are designed to combat fires involving flammable liquids and gases such as gasoline, oil, grease, propane, and natural gas.

These fires can spread rapidly and produce intense heat, making them highly dangerous.

Class B fire extinguishers use extinguishing agents that are specifically formulated to smother the flames and interrupt the combustion process. Here are some details on the uses of Class B fire extinguishers:

CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) fire extinguishers: Carbon Dioxide is a clean, non-conductive gas that displaces oxygen, effectively suffocating the fire.

CO2 fire extinguishers are suitable for fires involving flammable liquids, electrical equipment, and small combustible metal fires.

CO2 fire extinguishers are ideal for use in settings where the use of water or other extinguishing agents may cause further damage, such as in data centers, laboratories, and electrical or electronic equipment rooms.

CO2 fire extinguishers do not leave any residue, making them ideal for use on sensitive equipment or areas where cleanup is a concern.

Dry chemical fire extinguishers: Dry chemical agents, such as mono ammonium phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, or potassium bicarbonate, are commonly used in Class B fire extinguishers.

Dry chemical agents work by smothering the flames, interrupting the chemical reaction of the fire, and creating a barrier between the fuel and the oxygen.

Dry chemical fire extinguishers are labeled as BC or Purple K, indicating their effectiveness on Class B and C fires.

Dry chemical fire extinguishers are versatile and can also be used on Class A fires involving wood, paper, cloth, and plastics.

Foam fire extinguishers: Foam fire extinguishers can also be used on Class B fires, as they form a blanket of foam that smothers the flames and prevents re-ignition.

Foam fire extinguishers are suitable for fires involving flammable liquids such as gasoline, oil, and grease.

Foam fire extinguishers are labeled as AB or AFFF, indicating their effectiveness on Class A and B fires.

Foam fire extinguishers can also be used on Class A fires involving wood, paper, cloth, and plastics.

It’s important to remember that Class B fires can be highly hazardous, and attempting to extinguish them with the wrong type of fire extinguisher or improper techniques can lead to further escalation.

If a Class B fire is large, spreading rapidly, or involves hazardous materials, evacuating the area immediately is crucial and calling emergency services for professional assistance.

Proper training on the use of fire extinguishers and understanding their limitations is essential for effective and safe firefighting.

Class C Fire Extinguishers

Class C fire extinguishers are designed to combat fires involving energized electrical equipment, such as electrical panels, wiring, motors, and appliances.

These fires can be particularly dangerous as water or other conductive extinguishing agents can conduct electricity and cause electrical shocks or further damage.

Class C fire extinguishers use extinguishing agents that are non-conductive and safe to use on electrical fires. Here are some details on the uses of Class C fire extinguishers:

Dry chemical fire extinguishers: Dry chemical agents, such as mono ammonium phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, or potassium bicarbonate, are commonly used in Class C fire extinguishers.

Dry chemical agents work by smothering the flames, interrupting the chemical reaction of the fire, and creating a barrier between the fuel and the oxygen.

Dry chemical fire extinguishers are labeled as BC or Purple K, indicating their effectiveness on Class B and C fires.

Dry chemical fire extinguishers are also effective on Class A fires involving wood, paper, cloth, and plastics.

CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) fire extinguishers: Carbon Dioxide is a clean, non-conductive gas that displaces oxygen, effectively suffocating the fire.

CO2 fire extinguishers are suitable for fires involving energized electrical equipment, as they do not conduct electricity and do not leave any residue.

CO2 fire extinguishers are labeled as Class B and C fire extinguishers, indicating their effectiveness on Class B and C fires.

CO2 fire extinguishers are ideal for use in settings where the use of water or other extinguishing agents may cause further damage or electrical hazards, such as in data centers, laboratories, and electrical equipment rooms.

Clean agent fire extinguishers: Clean agents extinguishing agents, such as Halotron, FE-36, or FM-200, are another type of non-conductive fire extinguisher suitable for use on Class C fires.

Clean agent extinguishing agents work by removing heat from the fire and interrupting the chemical reaction of the fire.

Clean agent fire extinguishers are labeled as Class B and C fire extinguishers, indicating their effectiveness on Class B and C fires.

Clean agent fire extinguishers are commonly used in areas with sensitive electronic or electrical equipment, such as computer server rooms, control rooms, and telecommunication facilities.

It’s important to remember that when dealing with electrical fires, safety precautions should be followed, such as shutting off the power source if possible, using non-conductive extinguishing agents, and seeking professional assistance if the fire is beyond the capacity of a fire extinguisher.

Proper training on using fire extinguishers and understanding their limitations is essential for effective and safe firefighting.

Class D Fire Extinguishers

Class D fire extinguishers are specifically designed to combat fires involving combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, sodium, potassium, and other similar materials.

Fires involving combustible metals can be highly dangerous and require specialized extinguishing agents that can effectively extinguish the fire and prevent reignition. Here are some details on the uses of Class D fire extinguishers:

Dry powder fire extinguishers: Dry powder extinguishing agents, such as graphite powder, sodium chloride, or copper powder, are commonly used in Class D fire extinguishers.

Dry powder agents work by smothering the fire, inhibiting the chemical reaction, and preventing the combustible metal from burning.

Dry powder fire extinguishers are labeled Class D fire extinguishers and are specifically designed for fires involving combustible metals.

Dry powder fire extinguishers are not typically effective on other types of fires, such as Class A, B, C, or electrical fires, and should not be used for those purposes.

Specialized extinguishing agents: Some Class D fires may require the use of specialized extinguishing agents, such as sodium carbonate, zirconium sand, or Met-L-X powder.

These agents work by forming a crust or barrier on the surface of the combustible metal, preventing the fire from spreading and extinguishing it.

These specialized extinguishing agents are labeled Class D fire extinguishers and designed for use on specific combustible metals, as indicated by the manufacturer’s instructions.

Using specialized extinguishing agents should be done with caution, following proper training and manufacturer’s instructions, as using the wrong type of agent may not effectively extinguish the fire.

It’s important to note that Class D fires are rare and typically occur in specialized industrial settings where combustible metals are present, such as in metalworking, manufacturing, and laboratories.

Fighting Class D fires requires specialized training, equipment, and knowledge of the specific combustible metal involved.

In case of a Class D fire, it is recommended to evacuate the area, call for professional help, and only attempt to extinguish the fire if it is within the capacity and training of the personnel on-site.

Class K Fire Extinguishers

Class K fire extinguishers are designed to combat fires involving cooking oils, greases, and fats, commonly found in commercial kitchens and cooking areas.

These fires, also known as kitchen fires, can be particularly dangerous and require specialized extinguishing agents to effectively extinguish the fire and prevent re-ignition.

Here are some details on the uses of Class K fire extinguishers:

Wet chemical fire extinguishers: Wet chemicals extinguishing agents, such as potassium acetate or potassium citrate, are commonly used in Class K fire extinguishers.

Wet chemical agents work by cooling the fire and creating a saponification process that forms a soapy foam-like layer on the surface of the burning oil or grease, effectively extinguishing the fire and preventing re-ignition.

Wet chemical fire extinguishers are labeled Class K fire extinguishers and are specifically designed for fires involving cooking oils, greases, and fats.

Wet chemical extinguishing agents are also effective on Class A fires (ordinary combustibles) as they have a cooling effect on the fire, but they are primarily designed for Class K fires.

Combination fire extinguishers: Some fire extinguishers are labeled as “ABC” or “BC” and may also have a Class K rating.

These combination extinguishers typically contain dry chemical agents that are effective on Class B (flammable liquids and gases) and Class C (electrical) fires, in addition to having a Class K rating for use on kitchen fires.

Combination fire extinguishers labeled as “ABC” or “BC” with a Class K rating can be used on multiple types of fires, including kitchen fires involving cooking oils, greases, and fats and fires involving flammable liquids, gases, and electrical equipment.

It’s important to note that Class K fires are unique to commercial kitchens and cooking areas, and fighting such fires requires specialized training, equipment, and knowledge of the specific fire suppression systems in place.

In case of a Class K fire, it is recommended to activate the fire suppression system (e.g., kitchen hood suppression system) if available, evacuate the area, call for professional help, and only attempt to extinguish the fire if it is within the capacity and training of the personnel on-site.

Water Mist Fire Extinguishers

Water mist fire extinguishers are a type of fire extinguisher that use microscopic water droplets to extinguish fires.

These droplets create a fine mist that helps to cool the fire, displace oxygen, and suppress the flames.

Water mist fire extinguishers are versatile and can be used on various fires, including Class A, B, C, and electrical fires.

Here are some details on the uses of water mist fire extinguishers:

Class A fires: Water mist fire extinguishers are effective on Class A fires, which involve ordinary combustible materials such as wood, paper, cloth, and plastics.

The fine mist created by water mist extinguishers helps to cool the fire and reduce the temperature, which can help to extinguish the flames and prevent re-ignition.

Class B fires: Water mist fire extinguishers can also be used on Class B fires involving flammable liquids and gases.

The fine mist helps to cool the liquid or gas, reducing its ability to ignite and spread.

However, it’s important to note that water mist fire extinguishers may not be as effective on larger or spreading Class B fires, and additional fire suppression measures may be needed.

Class C fires: Water mist fire extinguishers are safe to use on Class C fires, involving energized electrical equipment.

The fine mist does not conduct electricity, making it suitable for use on electrical fires.

However, it’s important to shut off the power source before attempting to extinguish a Class C fire and to use caution to avoid electrical shock.

Other fires: Water mist fire extinguishers can also be used on other types of fires, such as flammable metals (Class D) and cooking oil or grease fires (Class K), depending on the specific design and rating of the extinguisher.

Water mist fire extinguishers are known for their environmentally friendly properties, as they use plain water as the extinguishing agent without any harmful chemicals or additives.

They are also safe for use in areas where sensitive electronics or valuable equipment may be present, as the mist is non-conductive.

However, water mist fire extinguishers may have limited reach and may not be as effective on larger fires or fires involving highly flammable liquids or materials.

It’s important to follow proper training and instructions when using water mist fire extinguishers and to consider the specific requirements of the fire situation before attempting to extinguish the fire.

Clean Agent Fire Extinguishers

Clean agent fire extinguishers, also known as halogenated or gaseous fire extinguishers, are a type of fire extinguisher that use clean, non-conductive gaseous agents to extinguish fires.

These agents do not leave any residue or damage to the surrounding environment, making them suitable for use in sensitive areas such as data centers, laboratories, and server rooms.

Here are some details on the uses of clean agent fire extinguishers:

Class B fires: Clean agent fire extinguishers are highly effective on Class B fires, which involve flammable liquids and gases such as gasoline, oil, solvents, and propane.

The clean agents work by interrupting the chemical chain reaction of the fire, effectively extinguishing the flames and preventing re-ignition.

Class C fires: Clean agent fire extinguishers are safe to use on Class C fires, involving energized electrical equipment.

The non-conductive properties of the clean agents make them suitable for use on electrical fires, as they do not conduct electricity and do not pose a risk of electrical shock.

Other fires: Clean agent fire extinguishers can also be used on other types of fires, such as Class A fires involving ordinary combustible materials,

Class D fires involve flammable metals, and Class K fires involve cooking oil or grease fires, depending on the specific design and rating of the extinguisher.

Sensitive areas: Clean agent fire extinguishers are commonly used in areas where water or other fire suppression agents may cause damage to sensitive equipment, electronics, or valuable assets.

This includes data centers, computer server rooms, control rooms, museums, archives, laboratories, and clean rooms.

Rapid fire suppression: Clean agent fire extinguishers are known for their fast and effective capabilities.

They are designed to quickly release the clean agent, which penetrates and extinguishes the fire rapidly, helping minimize fire damage and reduce downtime in critical areas.

Clean agent fire extinguishers are suitable for use in areas where the preservation of assets, equipment, and sensitive electronics is a priority, and where clean-up and residue from traditional fire extinguishers may not be acceptable.

However, it’s important to receive proper training on the use of clean agent fire extinguishers, as they require specific handling and discharge procedures.

It’s also essential to follow the recommended guidelines for installing, inspecting, and maintaining clean agent fire extinguishers to ensure their optimal performance in a fire emergency.

Cartridge-Operated Fire Extinguishers

Cartridge-operated fire extinguishers are a type of portable fire extinguisher that utilize a separate cartridge filled with an extinguishing agent that is inserted into the extinguisher body.

When activated, the cartridge punctures and releases the extinguishing agent, which is discharged through a hose or nozzle to extinguish the fire.

Here are some details on cartridge-operated fire extinguishers and their uses:

High-capacity extinguishing power: Cartridge-operated fire extinguishers are designed to provide high-capacity extinguishing power, making them suitable for use on larger fires or in high-risk environments.

They are commonly used in industrial settings, warehouses, manufacturing facilities, and other areas with higher potential fire hazards.

Versatile application: Cartridge-operated fire extinguishers are available in different types and ratings, making them versatile for use on various types of fires.

Depending on the specific extinguishing agent used in the cartridge, they can be used on Class A, B, C, D, and K fires.

This makes them suitable for a wide range of fire hazards, including fires involving combustible solids, liquids, gases, metals, and cooking oils or grease.

Longer discharge duration: Cartridge-operated fire extinguishers typically have a longer discharge duration than other portable fire extinguishers, allowing for extended firefighting operations.

This can be particularly useful in controlling larger fires or in situations where the fire may require prolonged extinguishment.

Professional use: Cartridge-operated fire extinguishers are commonly used by trained firefighting professionals, such as fire departments, industrial fire brigades, and other emergency response teams.

They may require specialized training for proper handling, operation, and maintenance, as they involve additional steps in replacing cartridges and activating the extinguisher.

Higher initial cost: Cartridge-operated fire extinguishers typically have a higher initial cost than other portable fire extinguishers due to their larger size, higher capacity, and additional cartridge component.

However, they can provide effective fire suppression capabilities for high-risk environments and larger fire hazards.

Limited mobility: Cartridge-operated fire extinguishers can be heavier and less portable than other types of portable fire extinguishers due to their larger size and capacity.

This may limit their mobility and ease of use in certain situations, particularly in tight spaces or where maneuverability concerns them.

Cartridge-operated fire extinguishers are a specialized type of fire extinguisher commonly used in industrial settings where the potential fire hazards are higher, and professional firefighting capabilities are required.

They provide high-capacity extinguishing power and versatility in tackling various types of fires but also require proper training, handling, and maintenance to ensure their effective use in an emergency situation.

How To Use A Fire Extinguisher

Using a fire extinguisher can be a critical skill during a fire emergency. Here are general steps on how to use a fire extinguisher effectively:

Assess the Situation: Before attempting to use a fire extinguisher, it is important to assess the fire and ensure that it is safe.

If the fire is spreading rapidly, the smoke is thick and toxic, or if you do not have the proper fire extinguisher for the type of fire, do not attempt to extinguish the fire and evacuate the area immediately.

Call emergency services for professional help.

Select the Right Fire Extinguisher: Identify the type of fire based on its class (A, B, C, D, or K) and choose the appropriate fire extinguisher accordingly.

Each type of fire extinguisher has a specific extinguishing agent designed for different types of fires. Refer to the fire extinguisher’s label and make sure it suits the type of fire you are dealing with.

Remember the P.A.S.S Technique: The most common method for using a fire extinguisher is the P.A.S.S technique:

P: Pull the pin. This will unlock the fire extinguisher and allow you to discharge the extinguishing agent.
A: Aim low. Point the nozzle or hose at the base of the fire where the fuel source is.
S: Squeeze the handle. This will release the extinguishing agent, allowing it to be discharged into the fire.
S: Sweep from side to side. Move the nozzle or hose back and forth in a sweeping motion, covering the base of the fire until it is completely extinguished.

Maintain Safe Distance: Stand safely from the fire, usually about 6 to 8 feet away, and approach it cautiously as you discharge the extinguishing agent. Do not get too close to the fire; it can be extremely hot and dangerous.

Watch for Re-Ignition: Even if you have successfully extinguished the fire, keep an eye on the area for any signs of re-ignition. If the fire rekindles, repeat the process or call for additional help if needed.

Evacuate if Necessary: If the fire becomes uncontrollable, if you run out of an extinguishing agent, or if you feel unsafe, evacuate the area immediately and call for professional help. Do not attempt to fight a fire if it becomes too hazardous.

Follow Up with Proper Maintenance: After using a fire extinguisher, it is important to have it recharged or replaced, depending on the type of extinguisher and the extent of its use.

Fire extinguishers should also be regularly inspected and maintained according to the manufacturer’s instructions and local regulations.

It is crucial to receive proper training on using a fire extinguisher safely and effectively.

Familiarize yourself with the fire extinguishers in your environment, know their location, and understand how to use them properly.

Additionally, always prioritize your safety and evacuate the area if the fire becomes too large or hazardous to handle with a fire extinguisher.

Call emergency services for professional help, and remember that fire safety awareness and preparedness are key to preventing and mitigating fire incidents.

Conclusion

Selecting the right fire extinguisher for specific fire hazards is crucial in effectively dealing with fires. Proper training and maintenance of fire extinguishers are essential to ensure their reliability and functionality during emergencies.

We have discussed the different types of fire extinguishers and their applications, including Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, Class K, Water Mist, Clean Agent, Cartridge-Operated, and other specialized fire extinguishers.

It is imperative to prioritize fire safety preparedness and awareness by understanding how to use fire extinguishers properly, conducting regular inspections, and receiving appropriate training.

Remember, fire safety is everyone’s responsibility, and being prepared can save lives and property in a fire emergency.